Original Article
Tracheobronchoscopic Evaluation of Bacterial Pneumonia in Cattle
Year: 2020 | Month: June | Volume 10 | Issue 3
1.Allen, J.W., Viel, L., Bateman, K.G., Rosendal, S. and Shewen, P.E. 1992. Cytological findings in Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from feedlot calves: Associations with pulmonary microbial flora. Can. J. Vet. Res., 56: 122-126.
View at Google Scholar2.Aslan, V., Maden, M., Erganis, O., Birdane, F.M. and Corlu, M. 2002. Clinical efficacy of florfenicol in the treatment of calf respiratory tract infections. Veterinary Quarterly, 24: 35-39.
View at Google Scholar3.Barrow, G.I. and Feltham, R.K.A. 1993. Cowan and Steel’s Manual for the identification of Medical bacteria. 3rd edn., Cambridge University Press, New York.
View at Google Scholar4.Cadlow, G. 2001. Bronchoalveolar lavage in the investigation of bovine respiratory disease. In Pract., 23: 39-40.
View at Google Scholar5.Chander, Y., Ramakrishnan, M.A., Jindal, N., Hanson, K. and Goyal, S.M. 2011. Differentiation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. oxytoca by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Intern. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 9: 138-142.
View at Google Scholar6.Clarke, C.R., Burrows, G.E. and Ames, T.R. 1991. Therapy of bovine bacterial pneumonia. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract., 7: 669-94.
View at Google Scholar7.Franz, S. and Baumgartner, W. 2006. Diagnostic value of rhinotracheobronchoscopy in cattle with diseases of the respiratory tract. Slovenian Vet. Res., 43: 247-248.
View at Google Scholar8.Jabeen, A., Khattak, M., Munir, S., Jamal, Q. and Hussain, M. 2013. Antibiotic susceptibility and molecular analysis of bacterial pathogen Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 3: 106-110.
View at Google Scholar9.Kahl, D. and Hofmann, W. 1985. Bronchoscopy in cattle. 1. Techniques. Tierarztliche Umschau, 40: 339-343. Vet. Bull., 55: 563-564.
View at Google Scholar10.Khan, A.A. and Cerniglia, C E. 1994. Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical and environmental samples by amplification of the exotoxin A gene using PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60: 3739-3745.
View at Google Scholar11.Lay, J. C., Slauson, D. O. and Castleman, W. L. 1986. Volumecontrolled Bronchopulmonary lavage of normal and pneumonic calves. Vet. Pathol., 23 : 673-680.
View at Google Scholar12.Masseau, I., Fecteau, G., Breton, L., Helie, P., Beauregard, G. and Blond, L. 2008. Radiographic detection of thoracic lesions in adult cows: A retrospective study of 42 cases (1995–2002). Can. Vet. J., 49: 261-267.
View at Google Scholar13.Mohamed, A.A.E., Wahba, A.K.A., Faisal, R.A.S.R. and Yousreya, H. M. 2013. Some bacteriological and biochemical studies on subclinical mastitis in buffaloes. New York Sci. J., 6: 71-79.
View at Google Scholar14.Ozkanlar. Y., Aktas, M. S., Kaynar, O., Ozkanlar, S., Kirecci, E. and Yildiz, L. 2012. Bovine respiratory disease in naturally infected calves: clinical signs, blood gases and cytokine response. Revue Med. Vet., 163: 123-130.
View at Google Scholar15.Panousis, N. 2009. Dairy calf pneumonia: Effective treatment depends on early and accurate diagnosis. Vet. Glasnik., 63: 177-187.
View at Google Scholar16.Quinn, P.J., Carter, M.E., Markey, B.K. and Carter, G.R. 1994. Clinical Vet. Microbiol., Mosby, London, pp. 21-66.
View at Google Scholar17.Radostits, O.M., Gay, C., Blood, D.C. and Hinchcliff, K.W. 2007. Veterinary Medicine - A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats, 9th Edn., Saunders, Philadelphia, London, pp. 829-867.
View at Google Scholar18.Radu, S., Rusl, G., Ling, O.W., Purwati, E., Mustakim, M. and Lihan, S. 2000. Rapid isolation and detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by use of rainbow agar O157TM and PCR assay. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health., 31(1): 77-79.
View at Google Scholar19.Stierschiender, M., Franz, S. and Baumgartner, W. 2007. Endoscopic examination of upper respiratory tract and oesophagus in small ruminants: Technique and normal appearance. Vet. J., 173: 101-108.
View at Google Scholar20.Thirunavukkarasu, P., Senthilkumar, G., Balachandran, C. and Vasu, K. 2005. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytological findings in bovine respiratory disorders (BRD). Indian J. Anim. Res., 39: 137-139.
View at Google Scholar21.Thirunavukkarsu, P., Suresh, R.V. and Vasu, K. 2006. Clinical and radiological findings in bovine respiratory disorders. Indian Vet. J., 83: 773-775.
View at Google Scholar22.Townsend, K.M., Frost, A.J., Lee, C.W., Papadimitrious, J.M. and Dawkins, H.J.S. 1998. Development of PCR assays for species and type specific identification of Pasteurella multocida isolate. J. Clin. Mirobiol., 36: 1096-1100.
View at Google Scholar23.Wilkie, B.N. and Markham, R.J.F. 1981. Bronchoalveolar washing cells and immunoglobulins of clinically normal calves. Am. J. Vet. Res., 42: 241-243.
View at Google Scholar